4月29日托福考情回忆：ETS换出题思路啦｜托福真题｜托福题库｜托你的福

1. 岩石构造（尤其是沉积岩层）能帮助我们了解地球的历史。地质学家通过分析岩层的成分与排列，判断区域过去的环境（如曾是水域还是陆地）；压力将沉积物转化为岩石的过程，会封存古代气候、地质事件的证据；岩层中的化石则记录了曾在此生存的生物。这些研究让科学家得以还原地球过往，理解塑造地表的动态过程。

2. 可持续农业种植crop rotation

3. 艺术家用颜料画画

4. 中世纪精英阶级 elite

5. 气候受各种因素影响

6. prehistoric art

7. cave painting

8. 人体的blood circulation

9. 判断其他星体上是否有生命

1. 图书馆

2. 请求修冰箱

3. 一个美国学生拥有丰富的法语经验，招募想学法语的人。

4. 睡眠对学生的重要性

5. shuttle时间变更

6. 打印机的使用

7. 组织活动 wellness club的告示

1. 艺术家利用颜色来表示情绪

2. Noise Control in Urban Areas

噪音严重危害公共健康，易诱发心脑血管疾病、干扰睡眠。城市主要通过三种方式降噪：一是建筑外墙增设隔音墙、垂直绿化墙，借植物结构削弱噪音，还能净化空气、调节气温、优化生态；二是划定公园、居民区等静音管控区域，以强制手段控噪，南欧城市已借此改善噪音引发的健康问题；三是道路和墙面铺设降噪材料，通过减少声波振动阻隔噪音。

3. 过去十年美国纯素食者数量曾大幅增长，动因是关注动物福利、担忧农业环境问题和追求健康饮食，也推动植物基肉制品普及。但近几年增长明显放缓，仅少数美国人坚持纯素食，主要因为植物食材烹饪繁琐、部分植物基食品加工过重遭健康质疑，加上社交媒体推崇蛋白质摄入，不少人重新回归吃肉。如今多数美国人饮食态度更折中，不再走极端素食或纯肉食路线。

4. plant communication

5. Free will and determinism

6. 睡眠紊乱的影响：通过光照调整，但有其他影响因素

7. 欧泊（opal）多彩色泽的形成原理，并用棱镜（prism）作类比；同时说明欧泊易开裂，珠宝商需在严苛条件下储存和运输；还提及它自带神秘色彩，古人认为其能带来好运、甚至可用来预言。

8. 海岸侵蚀的多种治理手段：人工填沙法需要持续补沙才能维持效果；部分传统治理方式还会造成意想不到的破坏；最后介绍了当下最新的自然生态防护方式。

9. 保持夜间睡眠充足对人体的影响。

1. 学校附近饭店评价

2. 减少办公室供应品支出

3. 因为工作没参加活动

4. 请求帮助修复旧汽车

5. 更换sweater

6. 学生去工作感到沮丧：工资太低，但没有车，只能就近工作

1. 回收政策更新

2. 屋顶因降雪受损需要维修，学生临时转移至食堂；食堂为此延长营业时间，以满足学生需求。

3. 学校作业提交系统故障现已修复，通知同学们重新提交上次的作业。

4. 暂时先关闭library

5. 学校在校园各处设置了回收箱，方便学生投放废纸、金属罐等可回收垃圾。

1. 消防逃生设计的演变

2. dice创意写作骰子，用来作为故事创作的思路

3. 各类音乐形式对社会结构与社会价值观的映射：波洛克时期的音乐风格庄重；爵士乐体现自由与自我表达；非洲特色音乐则凸显社群的核心价值。

4. 商业敏捷性

5. 建筑材料，混凝土延展性差、抗压性强，钢材特性与之相反。二者结合可互补短板，伸缩比例一致、适配小幅形变。但在海边高盐等恶劣环境中容易腐蚀。不锈钢和玻璃纤维虽能解决问题，却价格昂贵。

6. 立体主义

7. Stained glass

8. 毕加索立体主义

9. frog和bees在污染环境下生活受到的影响

10. Keystone Species: The Gray Wolf and Its Impact on yellowstone ecosystem

11. 考古生物学研究表明，不会飞的大鸟在恐龙灭绝后（约 6600 万年前）演化崛起。因天敌缺失、飞行耗能高、生态位空缺，多支鸟类独立放弃飞行、体型巨型化。

chemical laboratory session跟favorite club meeting 冲突，请求教授改session时间。

Doctor Gupta:

More and more, Automation is a much-discussed topic in economics, one that continues to grow in importance with today's advances in robotics and artificial intelligence(AI). Robots and AI provide powerful ways to replace human labor by doing work better and faster than people can. Automation can have very positive effects on businesses and the broader economy, but there are disadvantages as well. What do you think? Is the use of automation a positive development overall? Why or why not?

Paul：

I think the use of automation is a positive development. If AI and robots are used to replace human workers, companies will be able to produce many more products than they do now. They can also lower costs, making those products cheaper for people to buy. As a result, everyone will have access to more affordable products.

Kelly：

I worry about the psychological effects on people as AI and robots take over work. I doubt humans will really be happy with ever-greater amounts of leisure time. Many of us derive satisfaction from working and doing our jobs well. In fact, never in human history have we been able to spend large parts of our days labor-free.

Request for Lecture Notes

You are a student who missed an important lecture in your biology class. You need to catch up on the material and want to ask a classmate, Maria, for her notes and any key information you missed. You also want to thank her in advance for her help.

Write an email to Maria. In your email, do the following: 

- Explain why you did not attend the lecture.

- Request her help and ask her if she has time available to help you catch up.

- Thank her in advance for her assistance.

storytelling在communication中是否重要

Write an email to your professor to ask for suggestions on your recent low assignment score and inquire about how to make up for it.

- Show your concern about your unsatisfactory score on this assignment.

- Hope to know the requirements for the next upcoming assignment in advance.

- Politely ask if there is any chance to make up for your low mark in this assessment.

主题是感谢mentor的指导，希望mentor帮忙写推荐信

Write a thank-you letter to your internship supervisor, Mr. Clark, and request a reference letter from him.

(1) Thank your leader and state what you have learned during the internship in detail.

(2) Explain how what you have learned will benefit your future career.

(3) Politely request him to write a reference letter for you.

Participating sports还是education和family upbringing对character和discipline的影响更大

Some people believe it is extremely important to protect indigenous cultures and traditions, as this helps preserve unique history and cultural identity. Others argue that society is constantly evolving, and people should adapt to changes rather than clinging too rigidly to traditions. In your opinion, which is more important: protecting indigenous cultures or adapting to social changes? Please explain your reasons.

第一套：垃圾分类

第二套：制作奶昔

第三套：制作饼干

Begin by mixing the butter and sugar.

Spread the dough so the cookies bake evenly.

Preheat the oven to the appropriate temperature.

Evenly space the cookie shapes onto the baking sheet.

Insert the tray and bake until the cookie edges are golden.

After the baking time is complete, cool the cookies on a rack for five minutes.

Pour yourself a glass of cold milk and enjoy warm cookies fresh out of the oven.

第四套：coffee shop工作

第五套：粉刷墙壁

 第一套：Music

 第二套：job satisfaction

Q1: Which social media platforms do you usually use and how often do you use them?

Q2: Describe a positive or negative experience you have had while using social media.

Q3: What kinds of content do you think are appropriate to share on social media? Why?

Q4: Do you think social media has a positive or negative impact on human connection and relationships? Why?

 第三套: Exercise

Q1: How many times do you usually exercise each week?

Q2: What kinds of exercise would you recommend to your friends or family members? Why?

Q3: If you were to make a list of new sports or activities you would like to try, what would you include?

Q4: Some people think that excessive exercise can have negative effects on both physical and mental health. What do you think?

 第四套：Weather

Q1: What is the climate like in the city where you live?

Q2: How would you prepare if the weather forecast said it was going to rain?

Q3: Would you prefer to live in a city with a mild and balanced climate or in a city with four distinct seasons? Why?

Q4: What should the government do to reduce the impact of extreme weather?

 第五套：Art

Q1: Which form of art do you prefer in your daily life? For example, painting, music, or other art forms?

Q2: Do you tend to create your own artworks or appreciate artworks created by others?

Q3: If you could create works of art, would you choose to share them with others or keep them just for your own enjoyment?

Q4: Do you think music and art are more powerful in expression than language? Why or why not?