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托福写作满分有多难？

其实没有你想象中那么难，粗略来说，相当于托福阅读28分的难度。

肯定有同学要反驳，怎么可能？

小福今天来以托福写作满分的角度来告诉你，如何在30分钟内写出2篇满分作文——上篇：综合写作。下篇学术讨论写作将在本周内发布~

本文末附有综合写作《满分模板&范文集》，免费领取~

综合写作

核心方法#1：预判听力内容

综合写作会给你一篇阅读文章和一篇听力文章。你将有三分钟的时间去阅读阅读文章并做笔记。之后，阅读文章会消失，换成听力音频，播放两到三分钟。听力播放完毕后，你会有20分钟的时间来写你的作文。

以下是综合写作的分解：

听力文章中的讲师将直接反驳阅读文章中的观点。因此，如果你没有阅读完文章就听听力音频，会漏掉一些得分点。

举个例子：

这是一篇综合写作的阅读文章

The shrimping industry relies on trawls to catch shrimp. Trawls are huge nets that are dragged behind boats in order to catch shrimp. Other animals, like sea turtles, are often caught inside these nets and soon die without sufficient oxygen. To help reduce the number of accidental deaths to sea turtles, engineers created a Turtle Excluder Device (TED), that must now be installed in all shrimping trawls. This one simple invention has greatly reduced the number of sea turtle deaths per year for a number of reasons.

First, the TED was specifically designed to help sea turtles. The TED mechanism has a mechanical barrier in the middle of the net that prevents any animal larger than ten centimeters from getting caught deep inside. Once the animal hits this metal grid, it tilts downward, providing that animal with a clear path to exit. Smaller animals, like shrimp, pass through the metal guard and get caught in the end of the trawl net, as usual.

Second, in order to make sure that fishermen use the Turtle Excluder Device, the “Shrimp-Turtle Law” was passed. It states that all trawling shrimping boats must have a TED installed. There are specific organizations in charge of monitoring shrimping vessels to ensure that their TEDs are properly installed and maintained.

Finally, America now tightly controls the import of shrimp. All shrimp products must come from a ship that is a certified user of TED-installed shrimping trawls. Countries, companies, or fishermen who do not comply with the “Shrimp-Turtle Law” are not allowed to sell their products in the US and some European countries. Since most shrimping businesses want to import their goods to as many locations as possible, they have decided to comply and install TEDs in their trawls.

文章中划线的部分是本文最重要的要点。

我们在阅读文章的时候，就要提炼里面最主要的观点：

- 主要观点：海龟排除装置（TED）减少了海龟的死亡数量

- 理由1：TED旨在防止大型动物被捕获

- 理由2：所有船只必须安装TED

- 理由3：虾类的进口被严格控制

现在我们知道了这篇文章中所有的关键信息，就可以去预测听力文章中的讲师会认为海龟排除装置是无效的，那么在听力播放之前，我就知道听力的分论点大概是什么。

带着预判去听听力，即使预判错误，也极大地提升了对听力内容的理解能力。甚至，如果完全没听懂听力这部分在讲什么，也可以根据自己的预判来编造，避免交白卷。

核心方法#2：听力>阅读

综合写作对阅读能力要求不高，但对听力能力要求很高，尤其是听力笔记能力。

首先，阅读文章在听力结束后会重新出现，在进行写作时，你也可以重复去看文章内容，所以除了简略地记下作者的立场和主要观点外，不需要对阅读文章做太多的笔记。

所以如果你的作文当中主要是阅读文章里的内容，那么你的分数一定不会高。考官更希望你在作文中写更多关于听力文章的内容，阅读和听力的篇幅占比至少是1：2。因此，在听力文章期间做好笔记至关重要。

运用你之前学过的听力记笔记的技巧边听边记。听完之后，你可以将你在阅读中的笔记与你在听力中的笔记进行比较，看看你能写出多少关于听力的内容。

以下是我的笔记。

核心方法#3：转述能力

综合写作一个最大的雷点是照抄阅读原文，因为你在写综合写作的时候，阅读文章是一直在旁边的，所以如果你照抄阅读文当中的句子或者词段的话，托福写作的AI评分就会认为你是抄袭那这一部分的信息就会直接评判为零分。

例如，假设阅读文章写了：

“There are many who argue that corn ethanol should replace fossil fuel gas as the primary source for running cars.”

不要在你的作文中写：“The author discusses how there are many who argue that corn ethanol should replace fossil fuel gas as the primary source for running cars.”，

综合写作考的其实就是转述能力。你需要用不同的语言转述作者的立场，例如：“The author discusses the advantages of switching from fossil fuels to the alternative energy source: corn-based ethanol.”

核心方法#4：过渡词

综合写作当中最重要的词汇就是过渡词，因为阅读和文章的观点是一一对应的，你要不断地使用过渡词，在不同的观点之间进行过渡，以保持文章的逻辑性和连贯性，这些过渡词就是托福写作AI评分和人类评分的重要判断依据证明你对英语的学术文章有牢固的掌握。

这里是一些常见的过渡词和短语的列表：

如果你想学习这些过渡词在实际中的应用，可以在文末领取托你的福《托福综合写作范文集》。

核心方法#5：时间分配

综合写作的现实只有20分钟，所以如何进行时间分配非常重要，小福推荐的时间分配是：

2分钟整理笔记要点

3分钟写第一段引言

12分钟写正文段落

最后3分钟进行修改检查。

以下是海龟排除装置的综合写作的标答：

The reading and the lecture are about the pros and cons of the Turtle Excluder Device (TED). The writer believes there are many benefits to the use of TED, and that it has decreased the number of sea turtles caught in trawls by shrimpers. The speaker in the listening passage disagrees. He claims there are still many issues with TED, and challenges each of the writer’s points.

First, the article posits that the design of TED includes a metal barrier inside the net that prevents larger animals from getting caught. Additionally, it says, TED also provides a path for the sea turtles to exit. However, the professor points out that small and mid-sized turtles still get caught deeper in the trawls. He states this is because the metal barrier only prevents creatures larger than ten centimeters to pass through it.

Also, the author notes that laws have been passed requiring shrimp boats to have TED and use it properly. The lecturer rebuts this argument. He says that it is impossible for organizations to regulate the fishermen while they are fishing for shrimp and that they can just remove the TED right before putting the nets into the ocean. Furthermore, he argues that they are inclined to do this because sometimes TED can also prevent shrimp from passing into the depths of the trawls, which decreases their profits.

Another reason the writer feels that TED is beneficial is that under import regulations, the shrimp sold in the US can only come from suppliers who are certified TED users. Again, the speaker holds there are flaws in this argument. He suggests that there are many boat owners who claim to be TED-certified, but, in reality, have fake documentation. The lack of consistency in TED certification from country to country allows many to deceive ports and sell their shrimp anyway.

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