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题型1：填空题

1.蚱蜢是一种常见的昆虫，多生活在长有草和植物的干燥地区。蚱蜢有多种保护自己免受危险的方法。它们长着强有力的后腿，这让它们能跳离老鼠、蛇等天敌。有些蚱蜢能跳出相当于自身体长二十倍的距离。成年后的蚱蜢还会飞行。成年蚱蜢飞行速度很快，这能帮助它们躲避危险。

2.欧洲中世纪历史大约从公元500年延续至1500年，以重大的文化、政治与经济变革为标志。封建制度主导了社会结构，领主治理土地，封臣则提供军事服役。教会对人们的日常生活与治理施加了巨大影响。贸易路线的拓展促进了商品与思想的交流，艺术与建筑蓬勃发展，哥特式大教堂和泥金装饰手抄本便是典型代表。研究这一时代需要分析历史文献、文物与建筑遗存，以理解中世纪社会的复杂性。

3.珊瑚礁是分布在全球温暖浅海区域、充满生机的水下生态系统。珊瑚礁由被称为珊瑚虫的微小动物群体形成，这些珊瑚虫会分泌碳酸钙来构建自身坚硬的骨骼。这些天然构造为鱼类、甲壳类和软体动物等种类繁多的海洋生物提供了关键栖息地。它们还能通过减弱海浪和风暴的影响，为沿海地区提供防护。然而，珊瑚礁正面临气候变化、污染和过度捕捞的威胁。

4.皮影戏

5.Urban design & green walls

6.古代舞蹈

7.罗马人的吹玻璃技术glassblowing

8.无脊椎动物invertebrate

题型2：日常阅读

1.Mystery pasta

2.电影评论：对一个经典作品的改编，聚焦于心理学和人的弱点

3.广告：一个电影放映活动

4.广告：国外学习项目

5.噪音污染

6.学校泳池换水处理由chlorine改用salted seawater

题型3：学术阅读

1.约100年前，好莱坞影像工业迅速发展，大型电影公司建立起流水线生产机制，造就了一代又一代明星。该机制虽保证稳定利润，却限制了创作者自由，但也形成了在框架内设计精彩故事的叙事规范。有声电影的到来带来真正变革：台词能力不足的明星被迫转型，否则面临淘汰；歌舞片比重随之上升，导演与编剧获得更大创作空间。然而生产关系与能力的矛盾依然存在。此后，最高法院裁决打破大型院线垄断，为独立电影人创作多元影片铺平道路。尽管如此，这套成熟的制作与运作机制至今仍深刻影响着好莱坞。

2.珊瑚礁生态系统极其脆弱，正面临气候变化与环境污染的严重威胁，导致大量珊瑚白化死亡。科学家正积极探索解决方案，试图重建珊瑚生态。目前种植法较为实用：科研人员将健康珊瑚培育成熟后，移植至受损礁区，部分地区已取得显著成效。另有创新方法如微电流刺激加速生长，但这些修复技术需大量资金与人力，且长期效果尚待验证。要真正保护现存珊瑚并确保修复有效性，仍需持续投入与深入研究。

3.针对交通、演唱会等各类噪音污染，创新解决方案正不断涌现。绿植墙作为安装在建筑外立面的垂直花园，能够吸收、反射或偏折声波，有效减少室内噪音；同时兼具净化空气与调节温度的环境效益，通过改善空气质量和天然隔热提升居住舒适度。另一种方案是设立安静区，在公园、居民区及医院周边限制喧闹活动，为居民提供平和环境；欧洲部分城市的实践已证明其有助于减少压力相关健康问题。此外，消音材料的技术进步为城市规划带来新可能——这类材料通过主动减弱声音振动，可被战略性应用于建筑或路面，帮助规划者更科学地设计城市空间以应对噪音挑战。

1.Lute music

2.opal的科普

3.Radio astronomy

4.印刷对艺术的影响

5.基因编辑

题型1：选择回应

题型2：对话

1.吉他课程

2.对电影的评价

3.压力处理app

4.为了登山远足买靴子

5.购买家具

题型3：公告

1.行政流程的变化

2.论文格式+office hour时间变更

3.打电话确认是否可以在一个经营了很久的家庭面包店进行拍摄，并确认时间

题型4：学术讲座

1.艺术话题：一个画家从写实转为抽象的风格

2.生态学：加拉帕戈斯群岛上的tortoise的种群恢复，提到了对一种植物的正面作用

3.语言学：小孩子具有语法意识，婴儿能在口语缺乏断句的情况下习得语言

4.商业相关：agility

5.环境相关：永冻层融化后microbe出来会对climate change有不好的影响，比如加速了global warming

6.Mirror neuron：快乐的情绪会传染，进而提升效率

7.艺术史讲座：近代的一种壁画技术

8.如何通过规划避免城市化的弊端

9.生物肥料

10.纯素食主义

11.市场脆弱性market fragility

题型1：写邮件

第1套

You are a college student taking a biology course. You have been struggling with some recent assignments and have decided to seek help from your professor, Dr. Smith, you want to understand the topics better and improve your grades.

Write an email to Dr. Smith. In your email, do the following:

Mention the specific topics you are struggling with.

Ask for suggestions on how to improve your understanding.

Request a meeting with Dr. Smith to discuss further.

第2套

向餐饮部经理Ms. Johnson反映Emma慈善活动中的餐饮服务问题。邮件需包含：感谢服务、描述送餐延迟及订单错误等问题、提出未来改进建议。

Your classmate Emma recently organized a charity event on campus to raise funds for a local animal shelter. While the event was generally successful, there were some issues with the catering service, including delayed food delivery and incorrect orders. You decide to write an email to Ms. Johnson, the catering manager, to address these problems.

In your email, you should:

• Express appreciation for the catering services provided

• Describe the specific problems that occurred during the event

• Offer suggestions on how to prevent these issues at future events

  
  

第3套

在一家餐厅用餐，然后写信说自己体验不错，但是服务不好反应一下哪里不好和改进方案。

You recently had dinner at a restaurant called 'Cozy Corner.' While part of the experience was enjoyable, the service was poor. You want to provide feedback to the restaurant owner, Ms.Lee.

第4套

You are a student who recently participated in a group project for your marketing class. One of your group members, Lisa, did an excellent job on part of the project. Write an email to Lisa. In your email, do the following:

·Thank her for her excellent contribution to the group project.

·Explain what part of Lisa's contribution you appreciated most and how her efforts helped the team succeed.

· Suggest working together on future projects and ask for her opinion.

Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.

第5套

You are a student who recently borrowed a book from the university library. Unfortunately, you accidentally damaged the book. You want to inform the librarian, Mr. Anderson, about the incident and inquire about the steps you need to take to resolve the situation.

Write an email to Mr. Anderson. In your email, do the following:

• Describe the incident that caused the book damage and the extent of the damage to the book.

• Explain your concern about the consequences for damaging the book.

• Ask about the steps you should take to resolve the situation.

  
  

Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.

题型2：学术写作

第1套

讨论广告对消费者的影响。一种观点认为广告介绍新产品、促进经济发展；另一种观点认为广告误导消费者、产生不切实际的预期。结合自身经历，分析广告对你的影响是积极还是消极。

Dr. Diaz

We’ve been discussing the influence of advertising on consumer behavior. Advertisements can inform consumers about new products and services, such as the latest tech products or new local businesses, potentially boosting sales and driving economic growth. However, some experts argue that advertisements can be deceptive, create unrealistic expectations about products, and promote materialistic values. Reflect on a specific advertisement that influenced your behavior. Do you think its impact was positive or negative? Why?

Paul

I think the primary effect of advertising is to inform consumers. Ads provide valuable information about products and services, helping consumers make informed purchasing decisions and boosting economic growth.

Claire

I believe advertisements mainly manipulate consumer choices. They often create unrealistic expectations and encourage materialism, leading people to buy things they don’t need and fostering a culture of overconsumption.

第2套

讨论商业社会中哪种领导方式更有效。权威型领导强调 centralized decision-making 与无条件服从；协作型领导注重团队参与决策与反馈机制。结合商业实践，分析哪种方式在真实商业环境中更有效。

Dr. Gupta：

We’ve been discussing various leadership styles in business management. Some leaders are known for their authoritative approach, making decisions independently and expecting compliance from their team. Others prefer a collaborative approach, involving team members in decision-making and encouraging feedback. Which leadership style do you think is more effective in a business setting? Why ?

Claire：

I believe a collaborative leadership style is more effective in a business setting. Involving team members in decision-making can foster a sense of team cohesion. This feeling tends to produce better results, in terms of both quantity and quality.

Paul：

I think an authoritative leadership style is typically more effective. It ensures clear guidance from one person, which can be helpful to all others in high-pressure situations when interactions may require a more nuanced approach.

第3套

Dr. Gupta:

We've been discussing how different art forms affect people and communities. Consider these specific examples: protest songs that motivate people to join movements, murals that bring communities together, or movie that change how people think about important issues. Some people argue that art creates change by making people aware of problems and motivating them to act. Others believe art simply shows what already exists in society without actually changing anything. Which view do you agree with? Why?

Andrew：

I believe art has the power to drive social change. At many times in history, protest songs helped unite people to support important causes, while political cartoons exposed corruption and motivated voters to demand better leadership. Art doesn't just show problems; it gives people emotional reasons to care and practical ways to take action for justice.

Claire:

I think art mainly reflects society by showing us what people experience and observe in their daily lives.Artists create paintings, songs, and stories based on their personal experiences and cultural backgroundsWhile art can sometimes inspire people to think differently, its primary role is to document and, preserve the current state of society for future generations.

第4套

讨论哪种策略更有利于公司长期发展。员工培训与人才发展项目可提升组织能力与创新；降低产品价格可吸引顾客、扩大市场份额。结合商业案例或经济原理，分析哪种投资更能支持企业的 sustainable growth。

Dr. Gupta:

Companies often have to make decisions that affect their long–term development. Some argue that investing in employee training and development programs is the best way to ensure future success, while others believe that lowering product prices to increase competitiveness is more effective. Which approach do you think is better for a company’s long–term growth, and why?

Claire:

I think investing in employee training and development is more effective. Skilled and motivated employees improve product quality, enhance customer satisfaction, and strengthen the company’s competitive advantage in the long run.

Paul:

I believe lowering product prices can help the company stay competitive in the market. Attracting more customers through lower prices can boost sales and profit, which provides resources for future investment.

第5套

时尚公司是否应为自身造成的污染负责？

Dr. Gupta:

The fashion industry can have significant environmental impacts, such as pollution and resource depletion. Some people argue that fashion companies should take responsibility for the environmental damage they cause, while others think companies should focus primarily on profits and leave environmental issues to governments and regulations. What is your opinion, and why?

Claire:

I believe fashion companies should be responsible for the environmental damage they cause. Taking responsibility can improve public image, encourage sustainable practices, and contribute to a healthier planet for everyone.

Paul:

I think fashion companies should focus mainly on profit. Environmental issues are important, but governments and regulations should manage them. Companies cannot bear the full responsibility without compromising their business viability.

第6套

效率重要 还是公平重要。

Dr. Gupta:

In the workplace, there is often a trade–off between efficiency and fairness. Some people believe that achieving tasks quickly and effectively is the most important, while others think ensuring fairness and equal treatment for all employees should come first. Which do you think is more important in a business context, and why?

Claire:

I believe fairness is more important because it ensures everyone is treated equally, which builds trust and long–term commitment among employees. Without fairness, even high efficiency cannot sustain good performance.

Paul:

I think efficiency should take priority, especially in competitive environments. Achieving results quickly and effectively allows the organization to succeed and benefits employees and stakeholders in the long run.

第7套

探讨是否应该取消short filghts

第8套

探讨人们应选择哪种方式获取新闻：传统电视 or social media

题型1：复述句子

第1套    

【Botanical garden】

You are volunteering at a botanical garden near your university. Listen to your trainer and repeat what he says. Repeat only once.

1.You can buy tickets at the entrance.

2.The Rose Garden is beatiful this season.

3.The pond is a popular spot for sitting and relaxing.

4.Visit the greenhouse for a variety of exotic plants.

5.Check the bulletin board for information about guided tours.

6.The gift shop offers souvenirs and gardening books at reasonable prices.

7.Enjoy your lunch at our cafe, which has outdoor seating overlooking the grounds.

第2套

机场实习

第3套

旅行社工作

第4套

美术课

第5套

瑜伽课

第6套

在community store卖花场景

第7套

园艺

第8套

健身房

题型2：面试

第1套

1.What personal hobbies do you currently have? Describe how you typically spend your time engaging in these activities.

2.Is there a new hobby you would like to take up in the future? What attracts you to this particular interest?

3.What factors might prevent you from pursuing this new hobby? Explain the potential obstacles or challenges.

4.Some people believe it is better to focus on one's career rather than seeking out new hobbies. Do you agree with this perspective? Explain your reasoning with specific examples.

第2套

关于友谊的经历

1.Do you prefer spending time with friends or being alone? Why? 

2.What do you usually do when you are with friends? 

3.Do you prefer a small number of close friends or a large group of friends? Why? 

4.How does friendship help people build or maintain interpersonal relationships?

第3套

1.How often do you go grocery shopping

2.What do you usually buy at grocery stores?

3.Do you tend to make impulse purchases when shopping? Why or why not? 

4.Some people prefer shopping at local grocery stores, while others prefer large supermarkets. Which do you prefer? Why?

第4套

Outdoor activities

1.What kinds of outdoor activities do you enjoy? 

2.How often do you take part in outdoor activities? 

3.What benefits do outdoor activities bring to people? 

4.Do you think people nowadays spend less time on outdoor activities than in the past? Why or why not?

第5套

1.What kind of movies do your family or friends generally like to watch? For example, do they prefer action movies, comedies, dramas, or other types?

2.When you watch a movie, do you prefer to watch after work or school on weekdays or do you like to watch during the weekends? Why?

3.Next, l'd like to get your opinion. In the past, people mostly watch movies and theaters. Today, many people watch movies at home. Do you think that movie theaters will continue to exist in the future? Why or why not?

4.Some people believe that movies can be a powerful tool for educating people and raising awareness about important issues. Do you agree with this idea, or do you think there are other, more effective ways to educate people?

第6套

1.Have you ever made a financial plan for your future? Why or why not? 

2.What are some common ways people manage their finances or save money? 

3.What factors have the greatest influence on people's financial decisions? 

4.Do you think financial education is important for young people? Why or why not?